Typical mushrooms are the fruit bodies of members of the order Agaricales , whose type genus is Agaricus and type species is the field mushroom, Agaricus campestris . However in modern molecularly defined classifications , not all members of the order Agaricales produce mushroom fruit bodies, and many other gilled fungi, collectively called mushrooms, occur in other orders of the class Agaricomycetes . For example, chanterelles are in the Cantharellales , false chanterelles such as Gomphus are in the Gomphales , milk-cap mushrooms ( Lactarius , Lactifluus ) and russulas ( Russula ), as well as Lentinellus , are in the Russulales , while the tough, leathery genera Lentinus and Panus are among the Polyporales , but Neolentinus is in the Gloeophyllales , and the little pin-mushroom genus, Rickenella , along with similar genera, are in the Hymenochaetales . Within the main body of mushrooms, in the Agaricales, are common fungi like the common fairy-ring mush
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Many species of mushrooms seemingly appear overnight, growing or expanding rapidly. This phenomenon is the source of several common expressions in the English language including "to mushroom" or "mushrooming" (expanding rapidly in size or scope) and "to pop up like a mushroom" (to appear unexpectedly and quickly). In reality, all species of mushrooms take several days to form primordial mushroom fruit bodies, though they do expand rapidly by the absorption of fluids. [14] [15] [16] [17] The cultivated mushroom , as well as the common field mushroom , initially form a minute fruiting body , referred to as the pin stage because of their small size. Slightly expanded, they are called buttons, once again because of the relative size and shape. Once such stages are formed, the mushroom can rapidly pull in water from its mycelium and expand, mainly by inflating preformed cells that took several days to form in the primordia . [ citation neede
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A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore -bearing fruiting body of a fungus , typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. Toadstool generally denotes one poisonous to humans. [1] The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus ; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi ( Basidiomycota , Agaricomycetes ) that have a stem ( stipe ), a cap ( pileus ), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella ) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems, therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota . The gills produce microscopic spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names, such as " bolete ", " puffball ", " stink